Surpassing the Passive Hero in Waverly by Sir Walter Scott Essay

Surpassing the Passive Hero in Waverly by Sir Walter Scott - Essay Example Essentially Welsh seems to attempt to debunk the idea that Scott was even a good novelist, let alone a great romantic novelist, within his books. Welsh admits that Waverly is the prototype for the modern novel, but then goes on to argue the various weaknesses within Scott's technique. He suggests that Scott is not a realist, as he seems incapable of drawing a realistic portrayal of life. Neither is he capable of any type of analysis according to Welsh; he argues succinctly that "Scott never criticizes his own society" (Welsh, 1963). Also, Scott is not a very good romantic writer either as he has no full knowledge of the human heart and his characters are "notoriously unemotional" (Welsh, 1963). By way of proving this, Welsh suggests that Waverly's only emotional moment in his very brief attachment to Flora. . . . . the hero is obviously much more at home as a peacemaker than as a warrior, and it is amusing to watch Waverly racing ahead over the battlefield in order to rescue Hanoverian officers, and then being commended for his distinguished service by the chevalier. According to Welsh, the hero of Waverly is irredeemably passive and thus incapable of realistically portraying action and an active role within society. The hoer is caught within an intensely moralistic society which essentially stifles him. A true hero, according to Welsh, at least within the modern period, is a man for whom "masculinity meant self-control under the most trying circumstances" (Welsh, 1963). These characteristics he sees more within the insular, inward-looking Talbot rather than in the antics of Fergus rushing around Scotland performing traditionally "heroic" deeds. Part of this passivity, according to Welsh, stems from the fact that Scott's novels often revolve around the relationship between the individual and the state. In Waverly the hero adopts a positively Twentieth Century stance as he paradoxically invites and then resists his own arrest. He is contradictory if incredibly passive, at least in a traditionally "heroic" sense. But does this need to be an "either/or" question or can it be "both/and" Can the hero of Waverly exhibit passivity at one point and action at another and still be believable It would seem that the answer to this is a categorical "yes". Real human beings do not act according to a formulaic design for their character. He is not either a "passive character" or a "hero". He can be passive and active according to the moment. A simple glance at what actually occurs in Waverly belies the simple dichotomies that Welsh sets up in his attempted criticism of the novel. The opening of the novel starts with Waverly taking very real action, both in terms of his physical movements and in his decision making. Waverly is brought up in the family home of his Uncle, near London, but is soon given a commission in the Hanoverian army and is posted to Dundee, in Scotland. If he were purely passive he would not have taken up this commission in the first place. As soon as he arrives in Dundee, Waverly decides to take leave in order to meet the Jacobite friend of his Uncle, Baron

What kind of leadership style improves employee satisfaction in China Literature review

What kind of leadership style improves employee satisfaction in China - Literature review Example Work by 9 different authors (Fu et al (2011), Shen, J (2010), Talehgani et al (2010), Hsu and Chen (2011), Ngo et al (2008), Wong et al (2007), Madlcok (2008), Loi and Ngo (2010) and Wu and Chiang (2007)) between 2007 and 2012 have been primarily discussed in the study to identify their methodology for studying the different factors determining employee job satisfaction, the reliability and validity of the data and methodology, their findings and to identify if any major similarities or differences exist in their observations. This critical review of the mentioned available literature is useful in understanding the relationship between leadership styles and employee satisfaction. Topic review It is understood that leadership is a process that has influence on the motivation and performance of group activities as the group works towards realizing the common goals. The type of leadership provided by the leader or manager and the specific environment are seen to determine the successful achievement of the organizational goals in every organization or group across the globe (Talehgani et al, 2010, p 92). This prompts one to explore what leadership style or styles exist that is identified to be more successful than others and what impact these styles have on factors including employee motivation and subsequent job satisfaction. Their study draws on a combination of Robert House’s direction-goal model (House, 1996) and Geert Hofstede’s study on dividing of cultural dimensions (Hofstede and Hofstede, 2012) to develop a model that aimed to assess the cultural behaviour pattern in 18 countries. The researchers divided leadership styles into four categories: directional, supportive, participatory and success oriented... The purpose of this research is to study the different leadership styles employed by managers in the different organizational settings to assess the impact on employee satisfaction in China. The focus of the study is to understand the different kinds of organizational settings or firm ownership and identify what specific patterns of leadership exist within these different organizations to affect employee motivation and job satisfaction. This study is important in the background of China facing talent shortage as per a 2010 survey by Manpower Inc. and another joint survey conducted by Kelly Services and Harvard Business Review. It is understood that leadership is a process that has influence on the motivation and performance of group activities as the group works towards realizing the common goals. The type of leadership provided by the leader or manager and the specific environment are seen to determine the successful achievement of the organizational goals in every organization or g roup across the globe. This prompts one to explore what leadership style or styles exist that is identified to be more successful than others and what impact these styles have on factors including employee motivation and subsequent job satisfaction. Their study draws on a combination of Robert House’s direction-goal model and Geert Hofstede’s study on dividing of cultural dimensions to develop a model that aimed to assess the cultural behaviour pattern in 18 countries. The researchers divided leadership styles into four categories: directional, supportive, participatory and success oriented leadership.

History of Jack the Ripper

History of Jack the Ripper Mikayla Peterson    In 1888, during the late summer a series of murders happened in London, Englands poorest district, Whitechapel. The victims of these murders were female prostitutes whose lives took a turn for the worst. This case has remained unsolved since it was opened in April of 1888 (Rosinsky) . This report will be covering the history of the murders, the principle murders, and possible suspects for the murderer. History of the Whitechapel Murders The Whitechapel Murders began on April 4th in the late evening. Emma Elizabeth Smith, a prostitute, was assaulted by three men while she was walking back to her lodging house. She survived the attack however she died a few hours after arrival to her lodging house (Bulls Eye Lantern) . Several months later, another prostitute, Martha Tabram, was found dead with thirty-nine stab wounds, nine in the throat, five in the left lung, two in the right lung, once in her heart, twice in her spleen, and six in her stomach. Her body was laid with her genitals exposed however no evidence of intercourse was found (Bulls Eye Lantern) . Five other murders followed and the police began to suspect a single murderer was behind them. A total of eleven murders were recorded in Whitechapel however only five of them were believed to have a common killer. An anonymous individual, Jack the Ripper, is believed to be responsible for the murders of Mary Ann Nicols, Annie Chapman, Elizabeth Stride, Catherine Eddowes, and Mary Jane Kelly. The Ripper is believed to be male since witness reported seeing a male perpetrator with the women and officers claimed a woman would not be strong enough to commit the murders. During the case, conflicting descriptions of the Ripper arose with some saying that he was a butcher or a doctor due to the way his victims were slaughtered (Rosinsky) . Fun fact, the Ripper got his name due to the anonymous letters and postcards he supposedly sent to the police office (Rosinsky) . Recent research suggests that Martha Tabram may have been another of the Rippers victims however she isnt considered to be one of the canonical five (Bulls Eye Lantern) . The Five Main Murders These five victims are grouped together and called the canonical five (Bulls Eye Lantern) due to the way their bodies were found. All of these women were found with their throats slit and their bodies mutilated with the exception of Elizabeth Stride who only had her throat slit. The Rippers killing method was considered to be rash and spontaneous (Bulls Eye Lantern) and medical professionals speculate that he would first strangle his victims to lower their blood pressure which would minimize blood spray (Bulls Eye Lantern) . They are all considered to be the victims of Jack the Ripper. First Murder. At one in the morning on August 31st, Mary Ann Nicols was found lying in a pool of her own blood. She was out getting her doss money for the fourth time that night after spending the earnings of her other three times. At three am she was found with her throat cut open ear to ear lower part of her person completely ripped open (Rosinsky) . Ms. Nicols death is considered to be the start of Jack the Rippers murders.   Ã‚   Second Murder. On September 8th Annie Chapman was found dead against a fence of a tenement house at daybreak (Bulls Eye Lantern) . Medical professionals discovered that her killer removed her uterus, sections of her bladder, and most of her vaginal canal (Bulls Eye Lantern) . Her clothing was pulled up to her knees, her face was covered in blood, severed limbs were near her corpse, and several of her internal organs were removed (Rosinsky) . Third Murder. Elizabeth Strides death isnt nearly as violent as the other five Ripper victims. Her corpse was found lying against a building located by a street corner on September 30th.  Witnesses report seeing Ms. Stride arguing with a man who then pushed her down the stairs; the man elected to stay out of the argument since domestic fights were common. Upon inspection of the body, blood was found on her hands which may have indicated a struggle between Ms. Stride and her attacker. Ms. Stride is the only victim of Jack the Ripper who did not experience body mutilation. (Bulls Eye Lantern) . Fourth Murder. The Ripper struck again on September 8th mere minutes after the discovery of Elizabeth Strides corpse. Catherine Eddowes corpse was found forty minutes after with extreme facial mutilation. Police officials couldnt recognize Ms. Eddowes body due to the mutilation until a friend of Ms. Eddowes, John Kelly, recognized a ticket her corpse was holding. The officer that found the corpse said that she was cut up like a pig from the market (Bulls Eye Lantern) . Ms. Eddowes facial mutilation included: the removal of her nose tip, cuts on her eyelids and an ear, and triangular cuts on her cheeks. Her throat was cut to the spine, knife marking were present in her vertebrae, a long zig-zag cut stretched from her sternum to her pelvis, and her uterus and left kidney were completely removed (Bulls Eye Lantern) . Fifth Murder. The murder of Mary Jane Kelly is considered to be the Rippers masterpiece (Bulls Eye Lantern) by many studiers of the Jack the Ripper murders. The disfigured corpse of Mary Jane Kelly was discovered on November 9th in her bed. Details of the savage assault are: He cuts her throat from left to right, right back to the spinal column. He cuts her from vagina to breast bone like the other victims. He takes out her heart. He then cut off her breasts with circular incisions; put one by her head and one by her feet. He cuts off her stomach flesh in three flaps and puts it on the bedside table. [Then he] Sliced off her chin, her lips, her nose, her eyebrows, her eyelids. Skins her cheeks, skins her forehead. Completely disfiguring this corpse. And if thats not enough he then slices off the flesh of her thighs and you can see the exposed bones. (Bulls Eye Lantern) The news of Mary Janes death shocked the entire world (Rosinsky) . Suspect Theories The question of Who is Jack the Ripper?, remains a mystery today (Rosinsky) . Speculation occurred throughout the entire case but Britains police force and top detectives still couldnt find a solid lead on the murderer. After the murder of Annie Chapman, police thought that Jack the Ripper had medical training in order to complete the mutilation he did. Anti-Semitism arose when Jewish Shoemaker, John Pizer was arrested on suspicious grounds for Ms. Chapmans murder. A folded leather apron was found near Annie Chapman and Catherin Eddowes corpses made officials think that the murderer may have been a butcher. Modern forensics testing have been used to attempt to pin the murder but it hasnt proven helpful (Bulls Eye Lantern) . A total of eleven murders were committed in Whitechapel, England during 1888. A self-proclaimed serial killer, Jack the Ripper is believed to be the mastermind of five of the murders. Even though advancements have been made in forensics, we still dont know who Jack the Ripper could have been. Works Cited Bulls Eye Lantern. Jack the Ripper: The Definitive Story (2011). YouTube, uploaded by Suprtel Dreesman, 8 January 2016, https://www.youtube.com/watchv=u8VF4WKmccc. Rosinsky, Natalie. Jack the Ripper. Michigan: Lucent Books, 2004.

Physician Assisted Suicide in America Essay -- Euthanasia Essays

Anyone suffering from a terminal illness or has watched a family member or close friend suffer, probably believes in the Death with Dignity Act. According to the state of Oregon, (Oregon Death with Dignity Act Records & Reports†) â€Å"on October 27, 1997 Oregon enacted the Death with Dignity Act which allows terminally-ill Oregonians to end their lives through voluntary self-administration of lethal medications, expressly prescribed by a physician for that purpose. The Oregon Death with Dignity Act requires the Oregon Department of Human Services to collect information about the patients and physicians who participate in the Act, and publish an annual statistical report.† The fear and uncertainty of what happens after death will usually weigh heavily on a patient’s decision to terminate his or her life. It is a choice that should be left to the patient; however, if the patient is unable to communicate, the decision left the next of kin or guardian. Some politicians, religious fanatics and pro-life activists would argue that physician assisted suicide violates the Hippocratic Oath, but most of these people never suffered the pain and indignity of dying slowly. Between 1997 and 2007 at least 292 (Fogarty) people have ended their own life under the Oregon Death with Dignity Act. People have protested the decision of allowing assisted suicide in most states and foreign countries that have considered legalizing it. The Hippocratic Oath states (â€Å"Oath and Law of Hippocrates†) that doctors will not administer or suggest the use of deadly drugs even if a patient asks for them. All doctors must take the oath swearing to practice medicine ethically. Doctors that dishonor the oath aren’t generally punished unless they break the law. The most ... ... one day will, be up to that person. Works Cited Oregon Death with Dignity Act Records & Reports. , Web. 6 Dec 2010. Fogarty, Collin. "Oregon's Death With Dignity Law Turns 10." October 24, 2007. Web. 6 Dec 2010. "Oath and Law of Hippocrates." Harvard Classics. 38. P.F. Collier and son, 1910. Web. December 6, 2010. "Jack Kevorkian." NNBD Profile. Web. 6 Dec 2010. Matthew, Merill. †¢"Would Physician-Assisted Suicide Save the Healthcare System Money?," Physician Assisted Suicide: Expanding the Debate. 1998. Print. Popik, Jennifer. "Terminally Ill Oregon Patients Denied Treatment but Reminded They Can Choose Physician-Assisted Suicie."." PRL News July 2008, 35: 24. Print. "Why Living Wills/Advance Directives Are an Essential Part of Estate Planning," Journal of Financial Service Professionals. Sep. 2005. Web. December 6, 2010.

Human Interaction from a Psychology Perspective

Human Interaction from a Psychology Perspective Do we act the same within social interactions as we do when we feel that no one else is looking? Do we conform to society’s standards of what is considered normal behavior? Does our behavior in social interactions depend on a variety of factors ranging from brain chemistry, individual belief’s, cultural influence? We are all influenced by a variety of factors in our social interactions with others. Does the interaction offer us some type of recognition or personal reward? What can we get out of the social gathering that we beneficial to us in the long run? Do we act what is considered normal in our social interactions with others or adopt maladaptive behavioral patterns that lead to chronic disturbances in interpersonal and occupational functioning. according to Kowalski, induces a higher rate of conformity among its members. In this type of culture lacking autonomy, obedience is taught by parent to child as a means of future survival (Kowalski & Western, 2009) andA that the childaâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s role in society has been predetermined. In communism conformity is not a choice, rather a governmental mandate to remain within the norms of the communistic society in place. Democratic Societies Whereas communism attempts to create a single social norm from many cultures, democracies promote social norms based on many cultures. Within democratic societies exist many cultures based on ethnic, religious, economic, and social affiliations. A childaâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s future is not encoded from birth, rather determined by his or her choice of social affiliations. Although many factors contribute to a person conforming to social norms, many antisocial behaviors can develop as well. According to Steinberg; The increased importance of peers leads adolescents to want to alter their behavior in order to (sic) fit in; because they care more about what their friends think of them, they are more likely to go along with the crowd to avoid being rejected (Steinberg & Monahan, 2007, para. 5). Peer pressure is more likely to alter behaviors of those under the age of 14 as he or she tries to fit into a present group culture. Social interaction at this point dictates whether the learned behaviors are socially acceptable or not. Between the ages of 14-18 the individuals begin to resist peer pressures as they begin to develop emotional autonomy (Steinberg & Monahan, 2007). Intervention. Whether in a communistic or democratic society, it is individual behaviors that are judged by society to be either normal or antisocial. In either society, if a mental †¦ is in dissension of other individuals established beliefs or standards the action is considered to be disrupting or deviant and is rejected. Many times individuals perform deviant acts which are not necessarily harmful to society as a whole but are potentially threatening to their own existence. This brings in the question of what type of assistance the individual requires in order to change their behaviors. Psychoanalytical therapy may be helpful in order to determine the underlying causes for the deviant behavior. Disorders such as obsessive-compulsive behaviors may not affect an individualaâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s social interactions; however, these behaviors could potentially have a negative effect on individual abilities to find employment. A Individual interactions within a culture should be performed in an effort to unify personal positions within that society and to strengthen relationships within the community. Societies which enforce responsibility from their leaders are motivated to include a much greater level of development while those which are commanded by power have the tendency to lose. Individuals who try to control others, either in the place of work or on a personal level, frequently exhibit these behaviors due to a lack of self-confidence which has been infused in them due to various reasons. While at times it is necessary to take charge of specific situations, those who are provocative in their approach would benefit from psychological therapy in order †¦ Treatment and Prognosis of PTSD. There are various types of therapy and medications that has proven to be successful in treating PTSD. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy is most effective in treating PTSD. Prolonged Exposure (PE) therapy, Cognitive Processing therapy, reprocessing and Eye movement desensitization therapy are also other means of therapy that is successful in treating PTSD. Types of drugs known as Selective Serotonin Reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) which is typically used for depression has been successful in treating PTSD. The prognosis for PTSD depends on severity and length of how long a person has suffered with the mental illness. A majority of those who seek treatment do respond to psychotherapy but residual symptoms may remain and go into remission for different lengths of time. It is important to seek treatment for PTSD as symptoms may become so debilitating that it will interfere with a person’s ability to lead a full and productive life References or Cited Sources: Web MD. (2009). Types of Mental Illness Retrieved from http://www. webmd. com/mental-health/mental-health-types-illness Retrieved on August 8, 2011. Department of Veteran Affairs. Understanding PTSD Treatment Retrieved from http://www. ptsd. va. gov/public/pages/gen-treatment. asp Retrieved on August 8, 2011. eMedicine Health. (Medical Author: Maria Pease, MD. Medical Editor: Melissa Conrad Stoppler, MD Bradley, R. , J. Greene, et al. â€Å"A Multi Dimensional Meta-analysis of Psychotherapy for PTSD. † AMJ Psychiatry 162. 2 (2005): 214-227. Retrieved from: http://www. emedicinehealth. om/post-traumatic_stress_disorder_ptsd/article_em. htm Retrieved on August 8, 2011. Human Interaction from a Psychology Perspective Do we act the same within social interactions as we do when we feel that no one else is looking? Do we conform to society’s standards of what is considered normal behavior? Does our behavior in social interactions depend on a variety of factors ranging from br ain chemistry, individual belief’s, cultural influence? We are all influenced by a variety of factors in our social interactions with others. Does the interaction offer us some type of recognition or personal reward? What can we get out of the social gathering that we beneficial to us in the long run? Do we act what is considered normal in our social interactions with others or adopt maladaptive behavioral patterns that lead to chronic disturbances in interpersonal and occupational functioning. according to Kowalski, induces a higher rate of conformity among its members. In this type of culture lacking autonomy, obedience is taught by parent to child as a means of future survival (Kowalski & Western, 2009) andA that the childaâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s role in society has been predetermined. In communism conformity is not a choice, rather a governmental mandate to remain within the norms of the communistic society in place. Democratic Societies Whereas communism attempts to create a single social norm from many cultures, democracies promote social norms based on many cultures. Within democratic societies exist many cultures based on ethnic, religious, economic, and social affiliations. A childaâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s future is not encoded from birth, rather determined by his or her choice of social affiliations. Although many factors contribute to a person conforming to social norms, many antisocial behaviors can develop as well. According to Steinberg; The increased importance of peers leads adolescents to want to alter their behavior in order to (sic) fit in; because they care more about what their friends think of them, they are more likely to go along with the crowd to avoid being rejected (Steinberg & Monahan, 2007, para. 5). Peer pressure is more likely to alter behaviors of those under the age of 14 as he or she tries to fit into a present group culture. Social interaction at this point dictates whether the learned behaviors are socially acceptable or not. Between the ages of 14-18 the individuals begin to resist peer pressures as they begin to develop emotional autonomy (Steinberg & Monahan, 2007). Intervention. Whether in a communistic or democratic society, it is individual behaviors that are judged by society to be either normal or antisocial. In either society, if a mental †¦ is in dissension of other individuals established beliefs or standards the action is considered to be disrupting or deviant and is rejected. Many times individuals perform deviant acts which are not necessarily harmful to society as a whole but are potentially threatening to their own existence. This brings in the question of what type of assistance the individual requires in order to change their behaviors. Psychoanalytical therapy may be helpful in order to determine the underlying causes for the deviant behavior. Disorders such as obsessive-compulsive behaviors may not affect an individualaâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s social interactions; however, these behaviors could potentially have a negative effect on individual abilities to find employment. A Individual interactions within a culture should be performed in an effort to unify personal positions within that society and to strengthen relationships within the community. Societies which enforce responsibility from their leaders are motivated to include a much greater level of development while those which are commanded by power have the tendency to lose. Individuals who try to control others, either in the place of work or on a personal level, frequently exhibit these behaviors due to a lack of self-confidence which has been infused in them due to various reasons. While at times it is necessary to take charge of specific situations, those who are provocative in their approach would benefit from psychological therapy in order †¦ Treatment and Prognosis of PTSD. There are various types of therapy and medications that has proven to be successful in treating PTSD. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy is most effective in treating PTSD. Prolonged Exposure (PE) therapy, Cognitive Processing therapy, reprocessing and Eye movement desensitization therapy are also other means of therapy that is successful in treating PTSD. Types of drugs known as Selective Serotonin Reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) which is typically used for depression has been successful in treating PTSD. The prognosis for PTSD depends on severity and length of how long a person has suffered with the mental illness. A majority of those who seek treatment do respond to psychotherapy but residual symptoms may remain and go into remission for different lengths of time. It is important to seek treatment for PTSD as symptoms may become so debilitating that it will interfere with a person’s ability to lead a full and productive life References or Cited Sources: Web MD. (2009). Types of Mental Illness Retrieved from http://www. webmd. om/mental-health/mental-health-types-illness Retrieved on August 8, 2011. Department of Veteran Affairs. Understanding PTSD Treatment Retrieved from http://www. ptsd. va. gov/public/pages/gen-treatment. asp Retrieved on August 8, 2011. eMedicine Health. (Medical Author: Maria Pease, MD. Medical Editor: Melissa Conrad Stoppler, MD Bradley, R. , J. Greene, et al. â€Å"A Multi Dimensional Meta-analysis of Psychotherapy for PTSD. † AMJ Psychiatry 162 . 2 (2005): 214-227. Retrieved from: http://www. emedicinehealth. com/post-traumatic_stress_disorder_ptsd/article_em. htm Retrieved on August 8, 2011.

Null hypothesis. Marketing Essay

Assessment activity 1 1. When conducting research on behalf of your organisation or for a client organisation, how will you determine the most appropriate data sources to use? In this case the most suitable data source will be a desk research because this information will have already been gathered, analysed and reported on by other companies. It means that you will not waste time and money doing what others before you have done. 2. Why are cross checks and cross references necessary? To ensure the information is correct. Assessment activity 2 1. What tools would you use to collect and collate data and why would you use them? 2. Why should your desk research include the collection and analysis of data relative to the organisation’s current and past performance? Collection and analysis of data relative to the organisation’s current and past performance is very important to decide what we are looking for and the questions we are trying to answer. In this way our needs can be met. Assessment activity 3 Describe and explain the reporting formats that might be required to follow when submitting desk research results. Assessment activity 4 1. What is the difference between working and null hypothesis? A working hypothesis is a theory that we can use in our thinking about possible consequences. Such hypotheses allow us to predict and then look for results. Null hypothesis stands in direct contrast to its Alternative hypothesis. If we propose that action A will cause result B, we have a testable hypothesis, called the alternative. 2. How do these hypothesis help to focus the research? It help to guide the development of a research project and aid you in determining the direction you need to take and the questions to which you need answers. Assessment tool 2 1. What is desk research? Explain the steps involved Desk research is identification and analysis of information which has already been compiled and published in some form. The basics of a good desk research involve: – knowing where to look and what to look for – Understanding the quality of the source material – ensuring you get the right information. Core to any desk research is obtaining a list of sources. If you do know the subject area or the key jumping off points, you are likely to know exactly where to look immediately. This is where experienced researchers have advantages, as typically, they have a wide knowledge of sources know where to look and how to look. 2. What are quantitative and qualitative data? Explain the differences and their use in market research. Quantitative data is anything that can be added up whereas qualitative data deals with options, attitudes and behaviour and provides dues as to â€Å"why and how†. Quantitative information allows analysis of the strength of a trend. It is used to answer questions such as ‘who, what, where and when’. Qualitative info consists of descriptive statements about events that have happened. It includes opinions or comments by customers on a product or a service provided, future plans or even visions of what an organisation right become. 3. Describe the techniques you would use to identify potential research respondents. 4. Why is it important to ensure that rooms and facilities for survey recruits are well prepared? Describe how you would conduct a data gathering session. 5. Compare and discuss 2 software applications suitable for entering data. Assessment tool 3 Market research Market research is a powerful tool, which can be utilized to better understand a company’s customer base – allowing these companies to optimize their advertisements, predict market trends and guide their overall decision making. Specially in the case of coffee shops world. This report covers multiple and independent coffee shops. Coffee shops are defined as outlets where coffee accounts for a sizeable (usually at least around 40%) part of sales with quite a restricted, mainly packaged, food offer and small amounts if any, free alcohol. For some countries this will therefore include outlets such as donut shops and bars. Market value is based on expenditure including sales tax in these outlets; market volume is based on numbers of outlets. A Snapshot report is designed to provide instant preliminary market research. Each report provides an overview of the defined market, including market size, market forecast, segmentation, company market share along with top-line socio economic data. The data is supplied in both graphical and tabular format for ease of interpretation and analysis. There is is a mix of primary and secondary data sources. In addition each market contains an exclusive 5 year market size forecast. What’s more, our team of international research analysts are always on hand to provide further assistance where required. It’s a level of service you won’t find anywhere else. Secondary Research All secondary data sets in both local and global languages are derived from a range of sources, from government statistics to trade magazines. In addition, strong relationships with different companies. . Typically an analyst use a minimum of 3 to 4 data points for each table, analysing different aspects of the market. Full transparency of source data is provided for all secondary sources. Furthermore, we need to seek written permission from the original source which is quoted in every case, reinforcing the integrity and robust nature of the data. Primary Research – Trade Interviews Once secondary research has been exhausted, the language specialist researcher will then validate the information collected though semi-structured telephone interviews. Validation through telephone interviews is critical. We aim to receive confirmation from National Trade Associations, Statistic Offices, and major players of each quoted market. Forecast Methodology The basic model which the GMN forecast was built on is called the ISDE model, which is a framework based on four main concepts, namely: ï‚ · Interface ï‚ · Supply ï‚ · Demand ï‚ · Environment These four concepts can each affect the fluctuation of markets. First, all the main parameters are identified that affect the market/industry which is to be forecasted. Once identified the parameter is matched to and classified with the ISDE model. Interface These are factors which affect markets or industries. Mainly they regard to conditions and factors in the transition phase between the supply and demand. Supply  The total amount of goods and services that are available to purchase. Demand  Desire, ability or need by individuals or companies to purchase goods or services. Environment  The environment includes all factors external to the market or industry, which in one way or another, influence them. Each element of the ISDE model is affected by different parameters. Based on their understanding of the sector in question, the analyst selects the parameter regarded as the most relevant. For reasons of conformity, reliability and currency, the range of parameters at the analyst’s disposal is confined to eight parameters. These are updated on a monthly basis: ï‚ · Real agriculture ï‚ · Real industry ï‚ · Real manufacturing ï‚ · Real services ï‚ · Population ï‚ · Private Consumption The research methodology employed by MSI has been subject to numerous procedures to guarantee the quality and the reliability of the information contained within the reports. In-house consultants are employed full-time and receive a sixmonths training period to acquire and implement MSI’s research methodology. MSI’s methodology can be divided into five principal stages: †¢ Stage 1: secondary research  The consultancy teams work closely with trade associations, magazines, and government bodies operating in the researched field. Further research is also carried out from information available internally from our in-house documentation service and externally from the Internet. The latter is carried out by our teams which have the experience and the knowhow to efficiently and productively extract information from existing sources. †¢ Stage 2: primary research: interviews with trade sources The consultancy team proceeds to undertake a series of telephone or face-to-face interviews, with a representative selection of companies operating in the chosen industry. Every attempt is made to talk to leading players in the sector as well as smaller companies. Interviews are therefore carried out with manufacturers, distributors, importers, suppliers, installers and end-users. Indeed, some of our studies involve more than a hundred interviews. The data gathered from interviews is systematically checked and compared with the secondary research. †¢ Stage 3: analysis of the gathered data The information gathered during the two previous stages is then analysed and synthesized. A second series of interviews can be done if necessary to check and validate the data during this decisive stage. †¢ Stage 4: quantitative data MSI reports provide quantitative data, such as market estimates and forecasts, to measure the researched market. This data is based on the estimates obtained during stage 3. The quantitative data contained in the reports is based upon the consultancy teams’ appreciation and analysis of the market and is consequently unique to MSI. †¢ Stage 5: quality control  Each report is the subject of a rigorous checking and editing process by an experienced management team.